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Home » Exercise » How Resistance Training Affects Your Blood Sugar

Christel OerumBy Christel Oerum on January 14, 2019, Updated March 21, 2020
Exercise

How Resistance Training Affects Your Blood Sugar

If you regularly do cardio (like running, swimming, dancing, etc.), you have probably noticed that your blood sugar reacts differently depending on the type of cardio.

While steady-state cardio will usually make your blood sugar drop, interval training can make it increase (you can read why in this post).

The same goes for resistance training (weight lifting) and blood sugar. Some types of resistance training will make your blood sugars increase!

In this post, I’ll talk about how different types of resistance training affects your blood sugar and the strategies you can try to proactively manage your blood sugar during and after resistance training.

How resistance training affects your blood sugar

 

Why resistance training is good for people with diabetes

I absolutely love resistance training for three simple reasons:

  1. Resistance training makes me feel strong and empowered.
  2. Resistance training has helped me shape my body to my liking.
  3. Resistance training ultimately makes my diabetes easier to manage, as it improves my body’s ability to utilize insulin.

Resistance training generally falls into two categories

  1. Low-rep (heavy) training with pauses between each set.
  2. High-rep training or supersets with little rest between sets. Your heart rate is elevated throughout the workout.

Each type of resistance training will affect my blood sugar a little differently during my workouts but they both have the same long-term benefit of a significantly improved insulin sensitivity.

How high-rep resistance workouts affect my blood sugar

In general, I need to be a little more careful and watch my sugars more closely if I do high rep workouts, supersets, or a lot of compound leg exercises (like squats, deadlifts, or lunges).

These kinds of workouts will have a cardio-like (aerobic) impact on my blood sugar since my heart rate will be elevated for most of the session and I can expect my blood sugars to drop.

I treat sessions like these almost as I would treat steady-state cardio – by reducing my pre-workout bolus by about 30%-50%.

 

How low-rep resistance workouts affect my blood sugar

When it comes to more traditional resistance training with fewer reps (less than about 12 reps per set), the situation is a little different. When doing workouts like this, I sometimes see my blood sugar go up, and sometimes I don’t see much of an impact at all. It basically comes down to what body part I’m training.

For smaller muscle groups like arms and shoulders, my heart rate won’t usually increase that much despite the heavy weights and my blood sugar will remain stable. If I do heavy chest, back, or leg workouts, however, I’ll most likely see an impact on my blood sugar, and it can often be an increase. My body reacts in the same way as when I do an interval cardio workout.

Given this knowledge, I’ll reduce my pre-workout bolus minimally or not at all for a low-rep workout, depending on the body parts I am training.

How resistance training affects blood sugar

 

How to prepare for resistance training and prevent post-workout lows

When it comes to resistance training, pre-workout meals play a huge role in whether you’ll be successful in the gym. I always eat something before and after a strength-training workout to make sure I have enough energy to do the workout, to rebuild my muscles, and to maintain good blood sugar levels.

My pre-workout snack is a fairly low glycemic carb (like brown rice) and some lean protein (like chicken breast) which I eat about an hour before my workout. By eating a low glycemic carb plus some protein, I get enough energy for my workout without having to take a lot of insulin.

My post-workout snack consists of a low or high glycemic carb with an easily digested protein (like fruit and a whey protein shake).

As mentioned, I generally reduce my insulin bolus amount for the pre- and post-workout meals by up to 50%, especially on high-rep and superset days, due to the cardiovascular (aerobic) component of the workout, which always makes my blood sugar drop. However, taking a bit of insulin before a resistance training workout also has the benefit that it reduces my risk of high blood sugar during the low-rep sessions.

 

How to adjust your insulin up to 36 hours after a resistance workout

My approach to insulin adjustments for the 24 to 36 hours after I leave the gym is the same no matter what kind of resistance training I’ve done.

What happens when you do resistance training is that you create microscopic tears in your muscle fibers, and for the next 24 to 36 hours, your muscles heal and get bigger and stronger. During this period, your muscles need energy in order to heal and that has to come from somewhere, so low blood sugars can easily be the result if I don’t plan ahead.

If I do resistance training less than four times per week, I will typically have to reduce my nighttime basal insulin by up to 50% on the days on which I work out (this is different for every individual so you need to experiment and track your results to find what works best for you).

If I do resistance training more than four times per week, the increased insulin sensitivity is present all the time and I can simply lower my nighttime basal permanently without having to adjust for individual workouts.

 

Summary

I find it easier to adjust for resistance training than for cardio, as long as I am very aware of the kind of resistance training I am doing and remember these guidelines:

  1. High-rep workouts in which your heart rate is elevated will most likely make your blood sugar drop.
  2. Low-rep workouts that don’t elevate your heart rate significantly (like arms or shoulders) most likely won’t affect your blood sugar.
  3. Hard low-rep workouts of large muscle groups can affect your blood sugar like an interval workout, potentially leading to an increase in blood sugar.
  4. Don’t be scared of eating!!! Eat enough lean protein and carbs to fuel your workout, ensure muscle recovery, and (with the appropriate insulin dose) stabilize your blood sugar levels.
  5. Consider reducing your insulin levels appropriately during the 24 to 36 hours after a workout to adjust for the type of resistance training you’ve done.

Have fun in the gym!

Suggested next posts:

  • Symptoms of Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia)
  • How to Lose Weight When You Live with Diabetes

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Categories: Exercise

Christel Oerum

About Christel Oerum

Christel is the founder of Diabetes Strong. She is a Certified Personal Trainer specializing in diabetes. As someone living with type 1 diabetes, Christel is particularly passionate about helping others with diabetes live active healthy lives. She’s a diabetes advocate, public speaker, and author of the popular diabetes book Fit With Diabetes.

View all posts by Christel Oerum

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Reader Interactions

Comments

  1. AvatarAshley says

    December 26, 2020 at 2:52 am

    Hi Christel 🙂

    I’ve been doing strength training in the gym for the past few months to get lean/toned; currently I’m wearing the Dexcom G6 (on upper arms) and my Omnipod pump (abdomen/upper thighs). My one major concern is the efficacy of the two devices once I start losing more body fat and gaining more muscle in those areas – I don’t have much grab-able fat to begin with lol! Have you noticed anything wonky with CGM readings or insulin efficacy in more muscly areas (and pain when inserting)?

    Reply
    • Christel OerumChristel Oerum says

      December 27, 2020 at 4:48 am

      Oh, fun! I don’t wear a pump so I can’t give any personal feedback on that. But I’ve seen people wear their pods on their upper backs so guessing little fat tissue isn’t a big issue. If it is, an alternative is to put it on your breasts (Sounds a little iffy, but I know women who love that placement).
      I didn’t wear a pump back when my body fat was competition level low, but have when relatively lean, and haven’t had an issue with it. I’m one of those women who always can find a place to pinch 🙂

      Reply
  2. AvatarMike says

    October 14, 2020 at 3:23 pm

    I’m new to insulin long acting, but I’m an old school weight lifter. 5 days a week. I have noticed a spike in my sugar after a long grueling leg workout. So I should back off on my insulin amount the evening before and the evening after my heavy workout sessions? I’m going to recheck my levels about 2 hours after my lifting to see where my level is. I checked it before and it was 130, I check my sugar right after my leg workout and it was 221.

    Reply
    • Christel OerumChristel Oerum says

      October 15, 2020 at 10:15 am

      If you see an increase in blood sugars I wouldn’t back off on insulin. The way I manage for heavy lifting days is to ensure I have enough rapid-acting insulin on board (IOB) to not see an aggressive increase after my workout. If I’ll start to go low overnight, I’ll reduce my basal. However, we’re all different so you’ll need to experiment (collaborate with your medical team if needed) to figure out the exact adjustment for you

      Reply
  3. AvatarKushal says

    July 30, 2020 at 7:26 am

    Hello ma’am recently I’ve been detected with type 2 diabetes
    I’m doing my workouts at home because of lockdown
    Can you please tell me whether i can take whey protein in between the sets of resistance training

    Reply
    • Christel OerumChristel Oerum says

      July 30, 2020 at 7:03 pm

      Your protein intake timing is less important than getting enough protein throughout the day. I like to get some protein in before my workouts but if having food in your system bothers you, you can just as easily wait

      Reply
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